What Does the Bible Say About Fasting?

Written By Mary Carter

Mary holds a degree in theology and she has a deep understanding of biblical texts. She works as an elementary school teacher in Alabama.

Fasting is a powerful practice seen throughout the Bible, highlighting a sincere desire to draw closer to God. It’s more than just abstaining from food—it’s a time for reflection, repentance, and spiritual growth. Many figures in the Bible, including Jesus, embraced fasting as a way to focus on prayer and seek God’s guidance. It’s seen as a way to humble oneself before God, atone for sin, and understand God’s view on various matters. The New Testament also emphasizes the importance of fasting with a pure motive.

The Bible encourages fasting; however, it’s not demanded as a rigid law. It’s a personal, voluntary act expressing dependence on God.

Ever wondered about the power of fasting, beyond its superficial meaning? Discover the profound insights and wisdom about fasting found in the Bible!

What Does the Bible Say About Fasting?

Fasting in the Bible is not just a physical act but a spiritual discipline, designed to align people with God’s will. When people in the Bible fasted, it was to seek God’s presence and favor. The act is deeply intertwined with repentance and mourning, often accompanying prayers for help or guidance. It’s not just about abstaining from food; it’s also about denying oneself luxuries and pleasures as a way to subdue the flesh and elevate the spirit.

Jesus, in the New Testament, practiced and taught about fasting. He fasted for 40 days and nights in the wilderness, experiencing a time of testing and temptation, and he emerged triumphant, having drawn closer to God. The act of fasting enabled Jesus to focus on God’s word and strengthen his resolve against sin and temptation.

The Bible doesn’t lay down strict rules or guidelines on how to fast, but it emphasizes the importance of the right motives. God values the condition of the heart over the outward display of deprivation. When the Pharisees fasted, they made a show of it, seeking human approval. However, Jesus condemned this and highlighted the importance of fasting in secret, seeking only God’s recognition.

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Fasting is not about manipulating God to get what one wants. It’s about aligning one’s will with God’s and surrendering oneself fully to Him. It allows believers to draw closer to God, listen to His voice, and understand His plans and purposes better. It’s a way for people to seek spiritual breakthroughs, revelation, and a deeper relationship with God.

Bible Verses About Fasting

  1. Matthew 6:16-18 reflects Jesus’ teaching on fasting. He instructs not to look somber as the hypocrites do, but to fast in secret, and the Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you. This underscores the importance of sincere and humble fasting, not to gain approval from men but from God alone.
  2. Isaiah 58:6-7, God declares the kind of fasting He has chosen: to loose the chains of injustice, to set the oppressed free, to share food with the hungry, and to provide shelter for the wanderer. This reflects that fasting is not just an empty ritual but should lead to acts of kindness and compassion.
  3. Daniel 9:3 reveals how Daniel sought the Lord by fasting, coupled with prayer and petition, wearing sackcloth and ashes. This shows the depth of sincerity and humility displayed in fasting.
  4. Joel 2:12 calls for a return to God with all one’s heart, with fasting, weeping, and mourning, emphasizing the repentance and heartfelt contrition that should accompany fasting.
  5. Acts 13:2-3 portrays the early church engaging in worship and fasting, laying hands on Barnabas and Saul after being directed by the Holy Spirit, symbolizing the connection between fasting, worship, and mission in the early Christian community.
  6. 2 Chronicles 7:14 lays down a formula for healing of the land, which includes humbling oneself through fasting, praying, seeking God’s face, and turning from wicked ways. This illustrates the transformative power of fasting combined with prayer.
  7. Ezra 8:21-23 narrates how Ezra proclaimed a fast to humble themselves before God and seek a safe journey, showcasing fasting as a means to seek divine protection and favor.
  8. Luke 4:1-2 describes Jesus being led by the Spirit into the wilderness, where he fasted for 40 days and was tempted, reflecting the empowering and purifying aspects of fasting.
  9. Nehemiah 1:4 tells of Nehemiah’s reaction to Jerusalem’s distress; he fasted, prayed, confessed sins, and pleaded for favor, demonstrating fasting as a response to sorrow and a prelude to seeking divine intervention.
  10. Esther 4:16 recounts how Queen Esther called for a fast among the Jews before she approached the king uninvited, displaying fasting as preparation for a daunting task and as a plea for divine favor.
  11. Jonah 3:5-10 reveals how the Ninevites believed God’s warning delivered by Jonah, proclaimed a fast, and put on sackcloth, from the greatest to the least of them. It highlights the collective aspect of fasting in repentance and seeking mercy from God.
  12. 1 Samuel 7:6 illustrates how the Israelites gathered at Mizpah, drew water, poured it out before the Lord, and fasted that day, confessing, “We have sinned against the Lord.” This passage underscores fasting as a communal act of repentance and a confession of sin.
  13. Psalm 35:13 depicts David’s humility and earnestness in fasting, stating, “I humbled my soul with fasting,” demonstrating fasting as a means of humbling oneself and seeking God’s favor earnestly.
  14. Acts 14:23 reports how Paul and Barnabas appointed elders for them in each church and, with prayer and fasting, committed them to the Lord in whom they had believed. This denotes the role of fasting in the appointment of church leaders and entrusting them to God’s care.
  15. Matthew 9:14-15 records a conversation where the disciples of John came to Jesus, asking why His disciples do not fast while they and the Pharisees do. Jesus responded that the wedding guests cannot mourn as long as the bridegroom is with them, indicating that fasting is appropriate in times of absence of the divine presence but is not mandatory at all times.
  16. Zechariah 7:5 prompts the people to reflect on whether they were really fasting for God or for themselves during the fasts they observed in the fifth and seventh months for seventy years. It raises awareness about the importance of the right motives and intentions in fasting, stressing that it should be for God and not for self-satisfaction or to gain approval from others.
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The essence of these verses lies not just in the act of abstaining from food but in drawing nearer to God, surrendering to His will, and aligning one’s heart with His. Fasting is not a transaction or a bargaining tool with God, but a transformational discipline that refines and rejuvenates the soul. It’s a time to reset spiritually, to examine one’s life, to repent for wrongdoings, and to realign with God’s purposes. The Bible is clear that when fasting is done with the right motive, allowing a deeper connection with God, it’s a powerful spiritual practice that yields divine insight, breakthrough, and intimacy with the Creator.